Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) describes a system where electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) can connect to the electric grid to provide ancillary services, such as frequency regulation, to grid operators. This thesis evaluates the opportunities for V2G-enabled EVs and PHEVs to participate in the regulation services market and lower their net costs, making them more cost competitive with conventional vehicles. We build a ten-year net cash flow model for a fleet of delivery trucks to assess the costs and benefits of adopting this technology. To project potential V2G revenue, we utilize a simulation model developed by a grid system operator. Based on exploration of numerous scenarios we determine which combination of factors produce the greatest overall benefit. Our results indicate that EV and PHEV fleets offer lower operating expenses for urban pickup and delivery services. In addition, fleet managers can expect to offset 5-11% of the total cost of ownership with V2G revenue.
Authors: Kristen Nordstrom and Andres De Los Rios Vergara
Advisor: Dr. Jarrod Goentzel